Psalm 57 New International Version (NIV) Psalm 57 [] For the director of music. To the tune of “Do Not Destroy.” Of David. [] When he had fled from Saul into the cave.
- Sure, ricotta is great on its own, but its full-throttle potential comes through best when it's a supporting actor in one of these 57 recipes for dishes, dips, and desserts.
- Psalm 57 - For the director of music. To the tune of “Do Not Destroy.” Of David. When he had fled from Saul into the cave. Have mercy on me, my God, have mercy on me, for in you I take refuge.
- One57, formerly known as Carnegie 57 and nicknamed 'The Billionaire Building', is a 75-story supertall skyscraper at 157 West 57th Street between Sixth.
Interstate 57 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I-57 highlighted in red | |||||||
Route information | |||||||
Maintained by MoDOT and IDOT | |||||||
Length | 386.12 mi[1] (621.40 km) | ||||||
Existed | 1961–present | ||||||
Major junctions | |||||||
South end | I-55 / US 60 in Sikeston, MO | ||||||
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North end | I-94 in Chicago, IL | ||||||
Location | |||||||
States | Missouri, Illinois | ||||||
Counties | MO:Scott, Mississippi IL:Alexander, Pulaski, Union, Johnson, Williamson, Franklin, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, Clay, Effingham, Shelby, Cumberland, Coles, Douglas, Champaign, Ford, Iroquois, Kankakee, Will, Cook | ||||||
Highway system | |||||||
Illinois State Highway System
|
Interstate 57 (I-57) is an Interstate Highway in Missouri and Illinois that parallels the old Illinois Central rail line for much of its route. It goes from Sikeston, Missouri, at Interstate 55 to Chicago, Illinois, at Interstate 94. I-57 essentially serves as a shortcut route for travelers headed between the south (Memphis, New Orleans, etc.) and Chicago, bypassing St. Louis, Missouri. Between the junction of I-55 and I-57 in Sikeston, Missouri and the junction of I-55 and I-90/94 in Chicago, I-55 travels for 436 miles (702 km), while the combination of I-57 and I-94 is only 396 miles (637 km) long between the same two points. In fact, both the control cities on the overhead signs, as well as destination mileage signs, reference Memphis along southbound I-57, even as far north as its northern origin at I-94 in Chicago. Likewise, at its southern end, Chicago is the control city listed for I-57 on signs on northbound I-55 south of Sikeston, Missouri, even though I-55 also goes to Chicago.[2]
As of 2015, I-57 has no spur routes, nor are any planned for the near future. At a length of just over 386 miles (621 km), it is the second longest two-digit Interstate Highway without an auxiliary route, behind I-49. I-57 has one business loop in Charleston, Missouri.
- 1Route description
Route description[edit]
Missouri[edit]
Cairo I-57 bridge between Missouri and Illinois
In the state of Missouri, Interstate 57 runs northbound from Sikeston to the Cairo I-57 Bridge over the Mississippi River south of Cairo, Illinois.
After ending southbound at Interstate 55, the highway continues as U.S. Route 60, which meets U.S. Route 67 at Poplar Bluff, Missouri, and from there U.S. Route 67 goes south to Little Rock, Arkansas.
![Bus Bus](/uploads/1/2/6/6/126645419/755615358.jpg)
From the start of I-57 northbound, the US 60 concurrency goes about 12 miles (19 km).
Illinois[edit]
The Dan Ryan Expressway West Leg (now more commonly referred to as I-57) at 99th St in 1970.
![575 area code 575 area code](/uploads/1/2/6/6/126645419/692758268.png)
In the state of Illinois, Interstate 57 runs from the bridge over the Mississippi River north to Chicago. I-57 is the longest Interstate Highway in Illinois. Its route follows essentially the earlier route of US 51 in southernmost Illinois (US 51 has been diverted to I-57 where I-57 has always been close to old US 51 between Future City and Dongola) before taking a northeastward diagonal to Illinois 37, which remains intact as a town-to-town through route, past its interchange with Interstate 24 (the northwestern terminus of Interstate 24) near Pulleys Mill and a short duplex with Interstate 64 near Mount Vernon north to Effingham, where it has a short concurrence with Interstate 70. It then follows US 45 bypassing cities of Champaign and Urbana (where it meets Interstates 72 and 74), and heads north to Onarga whereafter it follows the formerly duplex path of US 45 and (now decommissioned in most of Illinois) old US 54 to Kankakee. At Kankakee it heads northward largely parallel to the now decommissioned route of old US 54 (since renumbered largely as Illinois 50) into the Chicago area, meeting Interstate 80 in Hazel Crest, Interstate 294 in Blue Island, and feeding Interstate 94 on Chicago's South Side.
Although I-57 serves as a long-distance bypass of St. Louis, the section between Mount Vernon and Pulleys Mill contains the most direct Interstate route between St. Louis and cities largely to the southeast of St. Louis (including Nashville and Atlanta). It serves as the northwestern terminus of Interstate 24 that leads southeastward to those cities and as the eastern terminus of Interstate 72 near Champaign.
The route is an easy way for Chicagoans to reach Shawnee National Forest in the southern tip of the state. It also serves as a major artery for college students in the state, running near Shawnee Community College in Ullin, the main campus of Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, John A. Logan College in Carterville, Morthland College in West Frankfort, Rend Lake College in Ina, Lake Land College in Mattoon, Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Parkland College in Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in Urbana–Champaign, Kankakee Community College in Kankakee, Olivet Nazarene University in Bourbonnais, and Governors State University in University Park. Interstate 57 and Interstate 294 (Tri-State Tollway) did not have an intersection for a long time, though phase one finally opened on October 25, 2014.[3] It was one of only a few examples where Interstates cross but didn't have interchanges with each other. Vehicles were directed to use Interstate 80 to access Interstate 294 instead, though U.S. Route 6 was another option.
I-57 remains the only Chicago expressway that does not have a commonly used name. Its Chicago-area portion was formerly known as the Dan Ryan Expressway–West Leg. I-57 was named the Ken Gray Expressway in southern Illinois after former U.S. Congressman Ken Gray (West Frankfort) for his work on getting the route planned through southern Illinois. A 20-mile (32 km) segment from Wentworth to Sauk Trail has been designated the Tuskegee Airmen Memorial Trail[4] but this is not intended as a navigational name.
History[edit]
The first section of Interstate 57 to be completed was a 30-mile (48 km) stretch from Dongola north to Marion, Illinois. It was opened on September 26, 1961.[5]
Another portion between the IL 121/US 45 exit and the Watson–Mason exit was completed and opened prior to July 1965, linking I-57 to I-70, and running in tandem with I-70 for several miles, with access to Indianapolis to the east, and St. Louis to the west.[citation needed]
A 21.5-mile (34.6 km) section of I-57 in Jefferson County from Bonnie (using a temporary road that is still partially visible from the northbound lanes) to IL 161 later opened on December 9, 1969.[6]
The portion of I-57 in Chicago (known as the Dan Ryan West Leg Extension) was constructed and opened in segments between 1963 and 1970. It remains the most recent Interstate Highway to be established within the city.[5]
The final section of I-57 in Illinois opened in December 1971 at Paxton.[7]
The portion of I-43 from Milwaukee to Green Bay was originally numbered as Interstate 57.[8] The number was changed due to the existence of I-57 in Illinois.[9]
I-57 was widened to six lanes in Effingham from 2011 until 2016.[10]
Future[edit]
Future Interstate 57 in North Little Rock.
I-57 is slated to eventually be extended west along US 60 to Poplar Bluff, Missouri, and then south along the US 67 corridor to North Little Rock, ending at I-40. In April 2016, a provision designating US 67 from North Little Rock to Walnut Ridge, Arkansas, as 'Future I-57' was added into the federal fiscal year 2017 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development funding bill, and officially became law in 2017.[11] Missouri has already upgraded the 50 miles (80 km) of US 60 between Sikeston and Poplar Bluff, and 12 miles (19 km) of US 67 from Poplar Bluff to Route 158 near Harviell (about 12 miles [19 km] north of the Arkansas state line) to a mixture of freeway and expressway segments. All at-grade crossings along the corridor would have to be eliminated before the Interstate designation could be applied.[12] In Arkansas, 118 miles (190 km) of Interstate-grade US 67 runs from I-40 to US 412 in Walnut Ridge, leaving a segment of 60 miles (97 km) of new Interstate-grade highway along US 67 that still needs to be built in northeast Arkansas and southern Missouri.[13] On February 23, 2018, Arkansas state officials unveiled a 'Future I-57' sign to be posted along the corridor of US 67.[14]
Star 57 Verizon
The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) has proposed widening a section of I-57 to six lanes of traffic from I-24 to I-64.[15] This section of Interstate has some of the highest annual average daily traffic on I-57 outside of the Chicago metropolitan area, with truck traffic comprising up to 30% of all traffic.[16] This section of I-57 has been the site of several Interstate-closing accidents in the past 10 years, including an incident involving a train derailment over the Interstate near Benton in July 2004 and several fatal accidents in various construction zones.[17] The portion in Mt. Vernon that includes the concurrent segment of I-64 was to be widened by 2013 with construction having begun in late 2011.[18]
IDOT and the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority are building an interchange at the junction of I-57 with I-294.[19] On October 25, 2014, the first phase of the interchange opened, providing access from I-57 north to I-294 north and from I-294 south to I-57 south. Phase One also provided access from I-294 south to 147th Street and 147th Street to I-294 north. Phase Two will open in 2023–2024.
Exit list[edit]
State | County | Location | mi[20][21] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Missouri | Scott | Sikeston | 0.000– 0.538 | 0.000– 0.866 | 1 | I-55 / US 60 west – Memphis, St. Louis, Dexter, Poplar Bluff | Southern end of US 60 concurrency; signed as exits 1A (south) and 1B (north); I-55 exit 66; roadway continues past I-55 as US 60; cloverleaf interchange. | |
Mississippi | Long Prairie Township | 4.916 | 7.912 | 4 | Route B – Bertrand | |||
Charleston | 10.745 | 17.292 | 10 | BL I-57 north / Route 105 – Charleston, East Prairie | ||||
13.027 | 20.965 | 12 | BL I-57 south / US 60 east / US 62 / Route 77 – Charleston, Wyatt | Northern end of US 60 concurrency | ||||
Mississippi River | 22.3280.00 | 35.9330.00 | Interstate 57 Bridge Missouri–Illinois state line | |||||
Illinois | Alexander | | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1 | US 51 south / IL 3 north – Cairo, Olive Branch | Southern end of US 51 concurrency; southern terminus of IL 3 | |
Pulaski | | 7.6 | 12.2 | 8 | Mounds Road | |||
| 17.7 | 28.5 | 18 | Ullin Road | ||||
Union | | 24.4 | 39.3 | 24 | Dongola Road | |||
| 25.0 | 40.2 | 25 | US 51 north – Carbondale | Northern end of US 51 concurrency; northbound exit and southbound entrance | |||
| 30.0 | 48.3 | 30 | IL 146 – Anna, Vienna | ||||
| 36.3 | 58.4 | 36 | Lick Creek Road | ||||
Johnson | | 39.7 | 63.9 | 40 | Goreville Road | |||
Williamson | Goreville | 43.9 | 70.7 | 44 | I-24 east – Nashville, Clarksville, Paducah | Western terminus of I-24 | ||
| 45.2 | 72.7 | 45 | IL 148 | ||||
Marion | 52.9 | 85.1 | 53 | Main Street – Marion | Former IL 13 | |||
53.6 | 86.3 | 54 | IL 13 – Harrisburg, Carbondale The Hill Avenue | IL 13 exit converted to single point urban interchange in 2013; northbound exit and southbound entrance for The Hill Avenue also opened 2013;[22] exits signed as 54A (IL 13) and 54B (The Hill Avenue) northbound | ||||
Johnston City | 58.9 | 94.8 | 59 | Johnston City, Herrin | ||||
Franklin | West Frankfort | 64.6 | 104.0 | 65 | IL 149 – West Frankfort, Zeigler | |||
Benton | 71.6 | 115.2 | 71 | IL 14 – Christopher, Benton | ||||
| 77.5 | 124.7 | 77 | IL 154 – Sesser | ||||
Jefferson | | 82.6 | 132.9 | 83 | Ina | |||
| 91.5 | 147.3 | 92 | I-64 east – Louisville | Southern end of I-64 concurrency; I-64 exit 78 westbound | |||
Mt. Vernon | 93.7 | 150.8 | 94 | Veterans Memorial Drive | Unsigned extension of IL -142 towards McLeansboro with nearby connection to northern terminus of IL-148 | |||
| 94.7 | 152.4 | 95 | IL 15 – Ashley, Mt. Vernon | ||||
| 96.2 | 154.8 | 96 | I-64 west – St. Louis | Northern end of I-64 concurrency; I-64 exit 73 eastbound | |||
| 103.5 | 166.6 | 103 | Dix | ||||
Marion | | 109.2 | 175.7 | 109 | IL 161 – Centralia | |||
Salem | 116.4 | 187.3 | 116 | US 50 – Salem, Sandoval | ||||
| 127.2 | 204.7 | 127 | Kinmundy, Patoka | ||||
Fayette | | 135.4 | 217.9 | 135 | IL 185 – Vandalia, Farina | |||
Clay | No major junctions | |||||||
Effingham | | 144.7 | 232.9 | 145 | Edgewood | |||
| 150.7 | 242.5 | 151 | Mason, Watson | ||||
| 157.3 | 253.1 | 157 | I-70 west – St. Louis | Southern end of I-70 concurrency; exit 92 eastbound | |||
Effingham | 159.4 | 256.5 | 159 | Fayette Avenue | ||||
160.5 | 258.3 | 160 | IL 32 / IL 33 | |||||
| 162.2 | 261.0 | 162 | US 45 – Sigel, Effingham | ||||
| 163.4 | 263.0 | 163 | I-70 east – Indianapolis | Northern end of I-70 concurrency; exit 98 westbound | |||
Shelby | No major junctions | |||||||
Cumberland | | 177.0 | 284.9 | 177 | US 45 – Neoga | |||
Coles | Mattoon | 184.4 | 296.8 | 184 | US 45 / IL 121 – Toledo, Mattoon | |||
189.6 | 305.1 | 190 | IL 16 – Charleston, Mattoon | Signed as exits 190A (east) and 190B (west) | ||||
192.4 | 309.6 | 192 | Mattoon-Charleston Enterprise Pkwy | |||||
Douglas | Arcola | 203.6 | 327.7 | 203 | IL 133 – Arcola, Paris | |||
| 211.7 | 340.7 | 212 | US 36 – Newman, Tuscola | ||||
Champaign | | 219.9 | 353.9 | 220 | US 45 – Tolono, Pesotum, Tuscola | |||
| 228.6 | 367.9 | 229 | Monticello, Savoy, Tolono | ||||
| 231.7 | 372.9 | 232 | Curtis Road | ||||
| 235.2 | 378.5 | 235 | I-72 west – Springfield, Decatur University Avenue (via I-72 east) | Signed as 235A (University Avenue) and 235B (I-72 west); I-72 exit 182 | |||
| 237.4 | 382.1 | 237 | I-74 – Indianapolis, Peoria | Signed as exits 237A (east) and 237B (west); I-74 exit 179 | |||
| 238.4 | 383.7 | 238 | Olympian Drive | ||||
| 240.5 | 387.0 | 240 | Market Street | ||||
| 250.2 | 402.7 | 250 | US 136 – Fisher, Rantoul | ||||
Ford | Paxton | 260.9 | 419.9 | 261 | IL 9 – Paxton, Gibson City | |||
Iroquois | | 271.9 | 437.6 | 272 | Buckley, Roberts | Roberts signed northbound only | ||
| 279.9 | 450.5 | 280 | IL 54 to US 54 – Onarga, Roberts | Roberts signed southbound only | |||
| 282.9 | 455.3 | 283 | US 24 – Gilman, Chatsworth | ||||
| 292.7 | 471.1 | 293 | IL 116 – Ashkum, Pontiac | ||||
| 296.5 | 477.2 | 297 | Clifton | ||||
| 301.6 | 485.4 | 302 | Chebanse | ||||
Kankakee | | 307.5 | 494.9 | 308 | US 45 / US 52 – Kankakee | |||
Kankakee | 311.6 | 501.5 | 312 | IL 17 – Kankakee, Momence | ||||
315.3 | 507.4 | 315 | IL 50 – Bradley, Bourbonnais | |||||
Bourbonnais | 318.4 | 512.4 | 318 | Bourbonnais Parkway | Opened Nov. 2, 2018[23] | |||
Manteno | 321.6 | 517.6 | 322 | Manteno | ||||
Will | Peotone | 327.1 | 526.4 | 327 | Wilmington, Peotone | |||
Monee | 335.1 | 539.3 | 335 | Manhattan, Monee | ||||
University Park | 337 | Stuenkel Road, University Parkway | Access to Governors State University; interchange opened on October 30, 2015 | |||||
Cook | Richton Park | 339.0 | 545.6 | 339 | Sauk Trail | |||
Matteson | 340.69 | 548.29 | 340 | US 30 / Lincoln Highway | Signed as exits 340A (east) and 340B (west) southbound | |||
342.21 | 550.73 | 342 | Vollmer Road | Signed as exits 342A (east) and 342B (west) southbound | ||||
Country Club Hills | 346.62 | 557.83 | 346 | 167th Street | ||||
Oak Forest | 344.67– 344.86 | 554.69– 555.00 | 345 | I-80 to I-294 south – Indiana, Iowa | Signed as exits 345A (east) and 345B (west); I-80 exit 151 | |||
Markham | 347.90 | 559.89 | 348 | US 6 (159th Street) | ||||
Blue Island | 349 | I-294 north (Tri-State Tollway) – Wisconsin | Northbound exit to northbound I-294 and southbound entrance from southbound I-294 only, opened October 25, 2014; complete interchange opening 2023–24; I-294 exit 7 southbound | |||||
Posen | 350.15 | 563.51 | 350 | IL 83 (147th Street, Sibley Boulevard) | ||||
Calumet Park | 353.25 | 568.50 | 353 | 127th Street, Burr Oak Avenue | ||||
Calumet Park–Chicago line | 354.25 | 570.11 | 354 | 119th Street | ||||
Chicago | 355.27 | 571.75 | 355 | 111th Street, Monterey Avenue | ||||
357.32 | 575.05 | 357 | IL 1 (Halsted Street) | |||||
358.47 | 576.90 | -- | I-94 east (Bishop Ford Freeway) – Indiana | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; I-94 exit 63 | ||||
358.57 | 577.06 | -- | Wentworth Avenue | Southbound exit only | ||||
359.12 | 577.95 | I-94 west (Dan Ryan Expressway) – Chicago Loop | Northern terminus; I-94 exit 63 | |||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Staff (October 31, 2002). 'Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002'. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 13, 2006.
- ^Staff. Exit 64A sign (Highway guide sign). Sikeston, MO: Missouri Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^Staff. 'Proposed Tri-State Tollway I-294/I-57 Interchange'. Illinois State Toll Highway Authority. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^'Stretch of Illinois highway named for Tuskegee Airmen'. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
- ^ ab'Interstate 57'. Interstate Guide. Retrieved May 17, 2019.[self-published source]
- ^Mt. Vernon Register-News. December 9, 1969.Missing or empty
|title=
(help)[full citation needed] - ^Southern Illinoisan. December 29, 1971.Missing or empty
|title=
(help)[full citation needed] - ^Fond du Lac Reporter. March 9, 1972.Missing or empty
|title=
(help)[full citation needed] - ^The Journal Times. Racine, WI. December 10, 1974.Missing or empty
|title=
(help)[full citation needed] - ^'Lochmueller Group I-57/I-70 Rehabilitation'..
- ^Arkansas News Bureau. 'Arkansas Highway to Receive 'Future I-57' Designation'. Times Record. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
- ^Heuring, Leonna (August 1, 2010). 'MoDOT Celebrates Completion of US 60 Four-Lane Project with Caravan'. The Southeast Missourian. Cape Girardeau, MO. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
- ^Reaves, Jonathan. 'Arkansas 'has a lot of work to do' to bring 'Future I-57' to Missouri line'. KASU-TV. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
- ^Pettit, Emma. 'Corridor stretching from North Little Rock to northeast Arkansas recognized as future interstate'. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^Illinois Department of Transportation. 'Interstate 57 Add Lane from I-24 to I-64'. Illinois Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^Illinois Department of Transportation. Map Viewer (Map). Illinois Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^Southern Illinoisan.Missing or empty
|title=
(help)[full citation needed] - ^Culli, Tesa (January 28, 2011). 'Interstate 57 expanding to six lanes'. Mt. Vernon Register-News. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^Illinois Department of Transportation. 'Welcome to the Interstate 57/294 Interchange Project Website!'. Illinois Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^Missouri Department of Transportation (November 14, 2012). MoDOT HPMAPS (Map). Missouri Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- ^Google (July 10, 2014). 'Map of Interstate 57 in Illinois' (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^'Governor Quinn Breaks Ground on $10.6 Million Widening Project for I-57 near Marion Illinois Jobs Now! Project Will Improve Key Southern Illinois Highway and Create Hundreds of Construction Jobs; $69 Million in Additional Projects Underway in Marion Area'. Illinois Government News Network. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
- ^Dykstra, John (November 3, 2018). 'I-57 interchange at Bourbonnais Parkway finally opens'. The Daily Journal. Kankakee, IL. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Interstate 57. |
Route map:
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interstate_57&oldid=901497455'
One day last fall, my colleague Miguel Morales received an email with a sign-off that was so strange, it has stuck in his mind for the last year. It came from Melissa Geisler, who works in digital sports programming and production at With this and other strange sign-offs in mind, Miguel suggested I tackle the subject of how best to conclude an email. I polled colleagues, friends and four people I’d consider experts, including Cynthia Lett, 55, a business etiquette consultant in Silver Spring, MD. Below is their combined wisdom and some commentary of my own. I offer four rules and a long list of potential sign-offs.
Yahoo. Below Geisler’s title and above her cell phone number was this mystifying quote: “The Bird is equal to or greater than the Word,” attributed to someone named, simply, “scientist.”With this and other strange sign-offs in mind, Miguel suggested I tackle the subject of how best to conclude an email. I polled colleagues, friends and four people I’d consider experts, including Cynthia Lett, 55, a business etiquette consultant in Silver Spring, MD. Below is their combined wisdom and some commentary of my own. I offer four rules and a long list of potential sign-offs.
But first, Geisler’s quote. She says it came from an episode of the animated cable TV show Family Guy, about a song from the 1960s. “That was me trying to have a little fun,” she says, adding that she has since changed her signature to add Yahoo’s new logo, and abandoning the quote, which she hoped recipients enjoyed while it lasted. Much as I respect Geisler’s attempt at levity, I think it’s a mistake to leave people guessing about what you want to say.
Here are my four rules for signing off on emails:
1.Don’t include quotes.
2. Avoid oversized corporate logos. Sometimes we have no choice about this, because our companies insist we include these things, but if they are too big, they draw the eye away from the message.
3. Include your title and contact info, but keep it short. In most business emails, you’re doing the person a favor by sharing your vital information. But make it minimal. Mine just says, “Susan Adams, Senior Editor, Forbes 212-206-5571.” A short link to your website is fine but avoid a laundry list of links promoting your projects and publications.
4.Do include some kind of sign-off. Mark Hurst, 40, author of Bit Literacy: Productivity in the Age of Information and E-mail Overload, says the function of a sign-off is to signal the end of a message, so the recipient knows it didn’t get short-circuited. “To me the sign-off is not so much style as function in the service of clearly communicating your message,” he says.
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Etiquette consultant Lett advocates a more formal approach. “I don’t believe emails are conversations,” she says. “They’re letters.” I disagree. Emails are their own form of communication and they’re evolving fast. Farhad Manjoo, 35, Wall Street Journal technology columnist and until recently, the voice behind a Slate podcast, “Manners for the Digital Age,” puts it well: “An email is both a letter and an instant message,” he observes.
All of that said, here is a list of common and not-so-common email sign-offs, with commentary and notes from the experts.
Best – This is the most ubiquitous; it’s totally safe. I recommend it highly and so do the experts.
My Best – A little stilted. Etiquette consultant Lett likes it.
My best to you – Lett also likes this one. I think it’s old-fashioned.
All Best – Harmless.
All the best – This works too.
Best Wishes –Seems too much like a greeting card but it’s not bad.
Bests – I know people who like this but I find it fussy. Why do you need the extra “s?”
Best Regards – More formal than the ubiquitous “Best.” I use this when I want a note of formality.
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Regards – Fine, anodyne, helpfully brief. I use this.
Rgds – I used to use this but stopped, because it’s trying too hard to be abbreviated. Why not type three more letters? OK if you’re sending it from your phone.
Warm Regards – I like this for a personal email to someone you don’t know very well, or a business email that is meant as a thank-you.
Warmest Regards – As good as Warm Regards, with a touch of added heat.
Warmest – I use this often for personal emails, especially if I’m close to someone but not in regular touch.
Warmly – This is a nice riff on the “warm” theme that can safely be used among colleagues.
Take care – In the right instances, especially for personal emails, this works.
Thanks - Lett says this is a no-no. “This is not a closing. It’s a thank-you,” she insists. I disagree. Forbes Leadership editor Fred Allen uses it regularly and I think it’s an appropriate, warm thing to say. I use it too.
Thanks so much – I also like this and use it, especially when someone—a colleague, a source, someone with whom I have a business relationship—has put time and effort into a task or email.
Thanks! – This rubs me the wrong way because I used to have a boss who ended every email this way. She was usually asking me to perform a task and it made her sign-off seem more like a stern order, with a forced note of appreciation, than a genuine expression of gratitude. But in the right context, it can be fine.
Thank you – More formal than “Thanks.” I use this sometimes.
Thank you! – This doesn’t have the same grating quality as “Thanks!” The added “you” softens it.
Many thanks – I use this a lot, when I genuinely appreciate the effort the recipient has undertaken.
Thanks for your consideration – A tad stilted with a note of servility, this can work in the business context, though it’s almost asking for a rejection. Steer clear of this when writing a note related to seeking employment.
Thx – I predict this will gain in popularity as our emails become more like texts. Lett would not approve.
Hope this helps – I like this in an email where you are trying to help the recipient.
Looking forward – I use this too. I think it’s gracious and warm, and shows you are eager to meet with the recipient.
Rushing – This works when you really are rushing. It expresses humility and regard for the recipient.
In haste – Also good when you don’t have time to proofread.
Be well – Some people find this grating. Not appropriate for a business email.
Peace – Retro, this sign-off wears its politics on its sleeve. It doesn’t bother me but others might recoil.
Yours Truly – I don’t like this. It makes me feel like I’m ten years old and getting a note from a pen pal in Sweden.
Yours – Same problem as above.
Very Truly Yours – Lett likes this for business emails but I find it stilted and it has the pen pal problem.
Sincerely – Lett also likes this but to me, it signals that the writer is stuck in the past. Maybe OK for some formal business correspondence, like from the lawyer handling your dead mother’s estate.
Sincerely Yours – Same problem as “Sincerely,” but hokier. Lett likes this for business correspondence. I don’t.
Cheers! – I wonder how prevalent this is in the UK. I’ve only seen it from Americans who are trying for a British affectation. I know it shouldn’t grate on me but it does. I also don’t like people telling me to cheer up.
Ciao – Pretentious for an English-speaker, though I can see using it in a personal, playful email.
-Your name – Terse but just fine in many circumstances. Probably not a good idea for an initial email.
-Initial – Good if you know the recipient and even fine in a business context if it’s someone with whom you correspond frequently.
Love – This seems too informal, like over-sharing in the business context, but Farhad Manjoo points out that for some people, hugging is common, even at business meetings. For them, this sign-off may work.
XOXO – I’ve heard of this being used in business emails but I don’t think it’s a good idea.
Lots of love – I would only use this in a personal email. The “lots of” makes it even more inappropriately effusive than the simple, clean “Love.”
Hugs – It’s hard to imagine this in a business email but it’s great when you’re writing to your granny.
Smiley face - Emoticons are increasingly accepted, though some people find them grating. I wouldn’t sign off this way unless I were writing to my kid.
;-) – I’ve gotten emails from colleagues with these symbols and I find they brighten my day.
[:-) – I’m a sucker for variations on the smiley face made with punctuation marks, though I suspect most people don’t like them.
High five from down low – A colleague shared this awful sign-off which is regularly used by a publicist who handles tech clients. An attempt to sound cool, which fails.
Take it easy bro – Richie Frieman, 34, author of the new book Reply All…And Other Ways to Tank Your Career, says he regularly gets this from a web designer in Santa Cruz, CA. Though it might turn some people off, I would be fine receiving an email with this sign-off, knowing the sender lives in an informal milieu.
See you around – Lett would cringe but this seems fine to me.
Have a wonderful bountiful lustful day – Tim Ferguson, editor of Forbes Asia, regularly gets this sign-off from Joan Koh, a travel writer in southeast Asia. It’s weird and off-putting.
Sent from my iPhone – This may be the most ubiquitous sign-off. It used to bother me but I realize that it explains brevity and typos. I’ve erased it from my iPhone signature because I don’t like to freight my emails with extra words, and in many instances I don’t want the recipient to know I’m not at my desk. But maybe I should restore it. The same goes for automated message on other devices.
Typos courtesy of my iPhone – Slightly clever but it’s gotten old. Better to use the automated message.
Sent from a prehistoric stone tablet – I laughed the first time I read it but then the joke wore thin.
Pardon my monkey thumbs – Same problem here.
Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail. – A preachy relic of the past. Who doesn’t know that printing uses paper?
vCards – I think these are a great idea. At least they work well on my Dell desktop when I want to load a contact into Outlook.
This email is off the record unless otherwise indicated – My colleague Jeff Bercovici, who covers media, says he gets this email from friends who are inviting him to birthday parties or other engagements and he finds it extremely annoying. I’m wondering what kind of paranoid people put this in their signatures.
Lengthy disclaimers – We’ve all seen these and ignored them, though I understand that many companies require them. Forbes’ in-house legal counsel, Kai Falkenberg, says she knows of no cases that have relied on legal disclaimers, though she says they might serve as persuasive evidence in a trade secrets case where a party was attempting to keep information confidential.
What do you think of my list? What weird, funny, offensive or elegant sign-offs have I missed?
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